｜写作 · 小作文:动态折线图(法国电力生产)
本课真题:Electricity Production in France by Source(TWh)——1980–2010 年法国各来源发电量,四条线:Thermal 热电 / Nuclear 核电 / Hydroelectric 水电 / Renewables 可再生。纵轴 Y = amount of electricity production,横轴 X = years。
一、看图先分"动静"(板书分类)
- 静态图:数据停在一个时间点 → 主要写"比大小、排顺序"
- 动态图:数据随时间走 → 主要写"趋势变化"
- 本图是动态图:从起点开始讲,一路讲变化。动笔前先观察图表的规律(哪条线最重要、哪条线最戏剧),规律方便你分组——分组之后才讲得出"谁超过谁""谁一直是主力"。
二、写数据的两类句子(板书)
| 类型 | 板书例句 | 拆解 |
|---|---|---|
| 数值"站"在某高度 | The number stood at 120 (TWh).The electricity generated by thermal power stood at 120 TWh in 1980, in France. | stand at = 处于…数值;generated by thermal power 是过去分词短语作后置定语("由热电产生的电") |
| 写"区间" | …was between 100 and 150 TWh.…was under 150 TWh.Nuclear and hydroelectric power generated under around 60 TWh each… | 数值不用死磕精确点,区间(between / under / around)一样算数 |
| 写"几乎没有" | …and renewables provided nearly zero amount. | negligible 微不足道(替换 nearly zero 的同义升级) |
三、动态图词库(板书)
增长 = increase / rise;下降 = decrease / fall;稳定 = stable / remain stable;戏剧性地 = dramatically;达到巅峰 = increase to a peak of 425 TWh;超过 = overtake(板书:over- 自带"盖过去"的压制感)。
四、段落怎么组织(本课三招,板书)
- 主系表 / 主谓宾打底,"挂"上一个现在分词短语(详见语法页):
In 1980, thermal power was the main source of electricity, producing around 120 TWh in France.主句讲"谁最重要",分词短语补数据——一个句子讲两件事。老师点评:光有一句主系表不够,只讲数据缺对比,要讲清"谁是最重要的",再讲"后来谁超过了谁"。 - 用 and 做并联,更短的句子讲更多的数据:
Nuclear and hydroelectric power generated under around 60 TWh each, and renewables provided nearly zero amount. - 与第一句呼应:later,谁超过了谁:
One year later, nuclear power overtook thermal power as the primary source of electricity.
Electricity production from nuclear power increased to a peak of 425 TWh between 1985 and 2010.呼应 + 趋势 + 数据,一段就有了"时间轴"。
老师口头禅(板书):只讲数据缺对比——先讲谁是最重要的,再讲转折:later, 谁超过了谁。
五、自查(板书:路线要规划)
- LR = 词汇:produce / generate / stand at / provide / overtake 换着用,别一个词走到底
- GRA = 语法:本课重点——现在分词短语做伴随(挂细节)、过去分词做后置定语、and 做并联
- CC = 逻辑:上下文要有关系——句与句接得上:第一句谁最重要 → 中间和谁比 → 后来谁超过谁
｜语法 · 一个句子一个动词:现在分词短语
回顾:旧笔记里我们搭过两座"桥"——宾语从句(
I know (that) you need a cup of water.)和表语从句(A cup of coffee is what I need.)。这一课补上第三座桥:现在分词短语(非谓语动词)。
一、为什么需要它(板书:英语要紧凑)
写作、文字——英语文化 = 省略 + 紧凑:越紧越"压缩",信息密度高;用相对短的句子,表达相对多的内容。别把中文流水账一句一句翻过去。
二、两个概念(板书)
| 概念 | 定义 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 谓语动词 | 实义动词,一句话的"核心" | take / pick / use / put / sleep… |
| 非谓语动词 | 动词不做核心,但保留动词的功能 | 现在分词(-ing)、过去分词(-ed/done) |
老师的比喻(板书):一个句子 = 鸣人本体放一个核心忍术;两个"影分身"帮本体干别的活——左手螺旋丸的影分身 ≈ 现在分词(动作同时进行),右手飓风螺旋的影分身 ≈ 过去分词(动作被完成)。本体只有一个,分身随便派。
三、典型转换:when 省掉,ing 自带"同时"
| 两句话 / 从句版 | 分词版(板书) |
|---|---|
| I sleep when I feel tired. | I sleep, feeling tired. |
- 现在分词短语做伴随状语:和主句动作"同时"发生(睡觉的同时带着疲惫)
- 规则:when 从句的主语和主句相同 → 可以省掉 when + 主语,把动词改成 -ing
四、写作里怎么用(配合小作文页)
- 主句"挂"细节:
Thermal power was the main source of electricity, producing around 120 TWh in 1980.主句讲"是什么",分词讲"具体多少"——一个句子讲两件事。 - 过去分词做后置定语(被…的):
The electricity generated by thermal power stood at 120 TWh.= The electricity (which was) generated by thermal power…(which was 被省掉,写作更紧) - while + 现在分词 = 同时确保(新闻长句里常见):
…, while ensuring financing of at least $300 billion.
五、自查
- 一句话只有一个核心动词(谓语);别的动作交给三样东西:从句(宾语/表语/定语)、并列(and)、分词(doing / done)
- 写完数一数:这句话里"分身"派了几个、有没有抢了本体的位
｜口语 · P1 补充示范(课 4 顺带新增话题)
本页是第 4 课板书里顺带过的新 P1 题,示范句按板书照录、缺处补全,供 Rising 套自己的答案。
一、Do you wear a watch?
板书思路:smart watch(智能手表)→ practical(实用)→ 不用掏手机。
Well, actually, I do wear a watch — a smart watch. It's more practical: I don't have to take a look at my phone or reach into my pocket every time I want to know the time.
词块:taking a look at my phone 瞄一眼手机 / reaching my pocket for my phone 掏口袋拿手机。
二、Do you spend a lot of time on social media?
板书思路:makes me forget about the time → 平台举例(TikTok + 微信)→ 内容(消息、梗、斗图)→ it depends(分状态)。
It depends on whether I'm tired or not, to be honest. When I'm bored, social media makes me forget about the time — on platforms like TikTok, and of course WeChat, which is the dominant chatting platform in China, or maybe all around the world. We send messages, memes — you know, emoji battles 斗图!
which非限定性定语从句:WeChat, which is the dominant chatting social platform in China, …it depends on whether…:视情况而定的标准说法- 词块:memes 梗 / emoji battle 斗图 / dominant 主导的
三、疲惫/低落时听什么音乐?
板书示范(照录):
When I feel depressed, I play my playlist — and it's a playlist of joy. Low-fi music calms me down; and if I'm really low, I can even dance with the music and sing along, and this boosts my energy.
词块:low-fi music 低保真音乐 / a playlist of joy 快乐歌单 / calm down 平静下来 / boost my energy 给我充电。
四、顺带词块(课 4 散装,都是生活词)
| 词块 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| stir-fried pork with green pepper | 青椒炒肉 |
| tang suit | 唐装(穿出去的名词说法) |
| depicting a dragon | (图案)描绘 / 绣着一条龙 |
| the beauty of nature | 大自然的美丽 |
| median = 中位数 | 顺带认识,别和 average(平均数)混 |
| rarely | 很少(频率低端词,对应 really into 的程度差) |
五、万能观点句(可整句搬)
Practice is as important as talent. No matter how talented you are, without repetitive practice, you won't be able to do what you think you are able to do.
(练习和天赋一样重要。不管你多有天赋,没有反复练习,你做不到你以为自己能做到的事——练口语、练写作都能用这一句收尾。)注意嵌套:what you think you are able to do = 宾语从句里再套宾语从句。
｜素材 · 新闻:美伊谅解备忘录(长句拆解)
标题写法(板书):Memorandum of Understanding between the US and Iran——
between A and B说明"谁和谁、在什么关系里";and 把两个主体 / 两件事并列起来。这份备忘录写的是美伊之间的谅解(类新闻稿长句,顺带练拆句和"承诺"类表达)。
一、原句(板书照录)
The United States undertakes, together with its regional partners, to create a comprehensive plan agreed upon by both parties for the rehabilitation and economic development of the Islamic Republic of Iran, while ensuring financing of at least $300 billion.
The implementation mechanism of this plan, as part of the final agreement, will be formulated within 60 days.
二、拆句表(板书讲解)
| 片段 | 功能 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| The United States undertakes to create… | 主干:undertake to do = 承诺去做 | 美国承诺制定… |
| , together with its regional partners, | 插入的伴随成分 | 与地区伙伴一道 |
| a comprehensive plan agreed upon by both parties | 过去分词短语作后置定语修饰 plan | 双方一致同意的全面计划 |
| for the rehabilitation and economic development of… | for + 名词:目的 | 用于…的重建与经济发展 |
| , while ensuring financing of at least $300 billion | while + 现在分词:同时确保 | 同时确保至少 3000 亿美元的融资 |
| The implementation mechanism…will be formulated within 60 days | 第二句主干 + within 时间 | 落实机制将在 60 天内制定 |
三、词块表(本页积累)
memorandum of understanding (MOU) 谅解备忘录 / undertake to do 承诺做某事 / regional partners 地区伙伴 / agreed upon by both parties 双方商定 / rehabilitation 重建 / economic development 经济发展 / financing 融资 / implementation mechanism 落实机制 / as part of the final agreement 作为最终协议的一部分 / within 60 days 60 天内
四、借去写作 / 口语
- "政府 / 公司承诺做…"句型:
…undertakes to + 动词原形(比 promise 更正式,写作加分) - 长句背法:先抓主谓(undertakes to create),再认插入与伴随(together with… / while ensuring…),最后扫介词链(for… / of…)——这和小作文里"主干 + 挂细节"是同一个习惯(见语法页)
- 时间状语表态:
within 60 days(在 60 天内)vsin 60 days(60 天之后)——新闻和商务英语里 within 更常表示"不超过"